Description
The funnel-web spider is one of Australia’s most infamous arachnids, known for its potent venom and aggressive defence mechanisms. With several species found throughout Australia, the most dangerous is the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus), whose bite can be lethal without timely medical intervention. Despite their fearsome reputation, funnel-web spiders play a vital role in the ecosystem as well as medically.
Habitat
Funnel-web spiders prefer cool, damp environments, making them common in shaded areas such as forests, gardens, and suburban backyards. They are frequently found hiding under logs, rocks, and within burrows lined with silk. Between November to April, male funnel web spiders will wander looking for a mate. These wandering behaviours are observed more frequently during periods of heavy rainfall paired with warm weather- humidity.
Diet
Funnel-web spiders are ambush predators, relying on their silk-lined burrows to detect prey. They feed on insects, small frogs, lizards, and even other spiders. These arachnids are equipped with powerful fangs and venom capable of rapidly subduing their prey. Their venom contains neurotoxins that target the nervous system, making their bites particularly dangerous to humans. Fortunately, the Australian Reptile Park’s venom-milking program has played a crucial role in the production of life-saving antivenom.
Reproduction
The mating season for funnel-web spiders typically begins in the warmer months, when males venture out in search of receptive females. Upon finding a suitable mate, the male performs a courtship ritual, carefully approaching the female’s burrow while tapping and vibrating to signal his intentions. If accepted, mating takes place within the female’s burrow. After fertilization, the female produces an egg sac containing up to 100 eggs, which she guards diligently until they hatch. The spiderlings remain in the burrow for a short time before dispersing to establish their own territories.
